Strip the wires about 3/4 inch and using the tip of the pliers or diagonal cutters bend it into a crook or loop turning in the clockwise direction so the screw pulls the wire in as it is tightened
The ground is green , unless it doesn't rain .. then it's bare
... or ..
The single green screw gets the green or bare ground wire
The White or light screw on the side with the long slot gets
the white or the light wire
The dark or black screw on the side of the small slot
gets the dark or black wire and is the "hot" or powered side of the outlet
. the slot on this side is smaller so it is more difficult for the kids
to get the paper clip in because this is the side with the electricity
that will hurt you .
The twist off tab on the side of the outlet between the screws is for
seperating the two outlets for switched outlets which often uses
the red wire of a 3 conducter wire with ground
( 4 wires total ) . Use pliers or diagonal cutters to remove the tab
on the dark screw side or hot side of the outlet
( Follow how the old one is ).
Light Fixtures ;
When you remove the old light fixture and there are two white wires
attached to it from the box , mark the wire attached to the black
wire on the old fixture so you can attach it to the new black wire .
Then simply connect the green or bare ground wire
to the box and the mounting bar and any bare wire attached to the fixture
itself , then attach the white and black wires to the black and white
wires in the box and remount the fixture on the ceiling .
You may need to buy longer screws if your ceiling box is recessed into
the ceiling .
Breaker panels ;
Most modern houses have a Breaker panel rather than
a Fuse box and if you do have a fuse box you might consider having it replaced
by an electrician .
If your power goes off in a circuit you can simply
flip a breaker switch to restore it , providing the problem that tripped
it has been fixed .
If you open the door on the panel box you will probably
find two rows of breakers that will shut off the power if they are
over loaded . you will notice that when on , all the handles are held tight
to one side and if "tripped" they will move partly to the off position
, usually . Sometimes they don't move as much as they should so it helps
find the tripped breaker by lightly pushing each handle towards the off
position to see if it is loose , some of the breakers may be doubled with
two handles tied together to make a 220 volt breaker , this is done by
connecting to two 110 volt wires coming into your house .
If you open the front panel enclosing the breakers
and wires attached to them be very careful because even if you turn the
main breaker off there are still parts with live electricity in them that
are open and able to do you harm with almost unlimited power .
Inside your panel box you will find many wires ,
most will be Black Red White Green or bare although you may find other
colors as well . These wires attach to three main places .
The Black , Red and often other dark wires carry
the live power from the Breakers to the appliance , then the White wire
returns the current back to the box where it then goes to the power pole
then to a stake in the ground . the bare copper wire or green wire is the
ground wire and is to provide a path for the power to get back through
the box to a stake in the ground that is better than the path through you
to the ground , it is also attached to the cold water pipe as a secondary
path to the ground .
Coming in to the box from your meter is three wires
, one is for the white wire and the other two are alternating at sixty
cycles a second from 110 volts positive to 110 volts negative so that the
difference between them is 220 volts . In reality they are 125 volts each
and 250 between them which may be why those 120 bulbs burn out so fast
.
Aluminum wiring ;
Aluminum wire was use for general wiring in houses in the 60's and
70's and has been the cause of more than a few fires . I am not talking
about large wires used for stoves or the main feeds to the house , though
this wire should be used with special care and techniques that are needed
when working with aluminum wiring and if you can afford it you should have
any general wall wiring replaced with copper . This is very expensive
and requires much damage to the sheetrock walls and ceilings of your house
to thread the new wires in and pull the old wires out . old wires should
not be left in place if possible and if left in place should be wire nutted
and taped .
Any outlets or switches or wire nuts used with Aluminum
wires MUST be marked for use with AU ( aluminum ) .